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The authors present a review of 36 cases of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) operated on with a mean follow-up of 18,44 months(S = 11,56) follow-up rate. 28% of the patients presented more than one nerve compression (double crush syndrome). Initial diagnosis in 47% of the cases was repetitive strain lesion(RSL). Evaluation criteria was that proposed by Derkash et al. 1981, and disseminated by Wood. 75% of the patients presented excellent and good results. A separate analysis of patients with true neurologic, controverted neurologic TOS, and patients with a previous RSL diagnosis, and results achieved were different. The authors show the incidence, present and discuss diagnostic difficulties, supplementary tests, surgical findings, complications, and conclude about surgical indications for TOS.